Is a Legal Husband Legally the Father of His Wifes Baby?

Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom

A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of nobility used for children, former wives and other close relatives of a peer, every bit well as certain officials such as some judges and members of the Scottish gentry. These styles are used 'by courtesy' in the sense that the relatives, officials and others exercise not themselves concord noun titles. There are several different kinds of courtesy titles in the British peerage.

Children of peers [edit]

Courtesy titles [edit]

If a peer of ane of the top three ranks of the peerage (a duke, marquess or earl) has more one title, his eldest son – himself non a peer – may use 1 of his father'due south lesser titles "past courtesy". However, the father continues to exist the substantive holder of the peerage title, and the son is only using the championship past courtesy, unless issued a writ of dispatch.^{[ citation needed ]} The eldest son of the eldest son of a duke or marquess may utilise a however lower title, if ane exists. In legal documents the courtesy title is implied but not used direct, e.g. the proper noun of the person is given then "commonly called [championship]".

For instance, the Duke of Norfolk is too the Earl of Arundel and Baron Maltravers. His eldest son is therefore styled "Earl of Arundel" (without the definite article "The" which indicates a substantive title). Lord Arundel's eldest son (should he accept 1 during his male parent'southward lifetime) would be styled "Lord Maltravers". However, merely the Duke of Norfolk is actually a peer; his son Lord Arundel and his hypothetical grandson Lord Maltravers are not.

Courtesy titles are simply used by the peer's eldest living son, and the eldest son's eldest living son, and and then along. Other descendants are not permitted to apply the peer'south subsidiary titles. Only the heir apparent (and heir apparent to the heir credible, so on) may employ them. An heir presumptive (e.thousand., a brother, nephew, or cousin) does not use a courtesy title. However, Scottish do allows the style Master/Mistress of X to an heir presumptive equally well equally to an heir apparent; for example, the brother of the present Marquess of Tweeddale has the title Master of Tweeddale.

Holders of courtesy titles do not, at the Courtroom of St James'due south, take their title preceded past the definite article "The": due east.g., 'Earl of Arundel' rather than 'the Earl of Arundel'.

Wives are entitled to use the feminine class of their husbands' courtesy titles. Thus, the wife of an Earl of Arundel would be styled "Countess of Arundel" (again, without the commodity).

The children (either male or female) of holders of courtesy titles bear the styles as would be theirs if their fathers actually held the peerages by which they were known: e.g., Serena Stanhope, daughter of Viscount Petersham (heir to the Earl of Harrington) had the style of The Honourable, which is reserved for daughters of viscounts and barons, a title which her male parent only held by courtesy.^{[ane] [2]}

Choosing a courtesy peer's title [edit]

The actual courtesy title which is used is a matter of family unit tradition. For instance, the eldest son of The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry is styled "Earl of Dalkeith", even though the knuckles is also The Marquess of Dumfriesshire, a championship which outranks the earldom. Similarly, the eldest son of The Marquess of Londonderry is styled "Viscount Castlereagh", fifty-fifty though the marquess is too The Earl Vane.

Titles with the same name equally a peer's main championship are not used as courtesy titles. For example, The Knuckles of Westminster is also The Marquess of Westminster and The Earl Grosvenor (amidst other titles). The duke's heir credible (when there is one) is not styled "Marquess of Westminster", which would crusade confusion between the son and the father, and so is styled "Earl Grosvenor" instead.

The title used does not have to exist exactly equivalent to the actual peerage. For example, the eldest son of The Knuckles of Wellington is usually styled "Marquess of Douro", although the actual peerage possessed by his begetter is Marquess Douro (not of Douro).^{[3] [4]}

If a peer of the rank of earl or higher up does non take any subsidiary titles of a name different from his main title, his eldest son usually uses an invented courtesy title of "Lord [Surname]". For example, the eldest son of The Earl of Devon is styled "Lord Courtenay", even though the Earl has no barony of that proper noun; similarly, the eldest son of The Earl of Guilford is styled "Lord North". The eldest son of The Earl of Huntingdon, who has no subsidiary titles, is styled "Viscount Hastings" to avoid defoliation with The Lord Hastings, a noun peer. The heir of The Earl Castle Stewart uses the mode "Viscount Stewart" in order to avoid defoliation with Lord Stewart, the eldest son of Viscount Castlereagh (the eldest son of The Marquess of Londonderry).

Courtesy prefix of "Lord" [edit]

Another form of courtesy title is the honorific prefix of "Lord" before the name. This not-peerage title is accorded to younger sons of dukes and marquesses. The courtesy title is added before the person'due south given name and surname, every bit in the example of Lord Randolph Churchill, although conversational usage drops the surname on secondary reference. The title persists afterwards the death of the holder's father, but is non inherited by whatsoever of his children. The wife of the holder is entitled to the feminine form of her hubby's title, which takes the form of "Lady", followed by her hubby's given name and surname, as in the example of Lady Randolph Churchill. The holder is addressed as "Lord Randolph" and his wife as "Lady Randolph".

Courtesy prefix of "Lady" [edit]

The honorific prefix of "Lady" is used for the daughters of dukes, marquesses, and earls. The courtesy title is added before the person's given name, every bit in the example Lady Diana Spencer. Considering it is merely a courtesy with no legal implications, the honorific persists after the death of the holder's begetter but it is not inherited by her children.

The spouse of a adult female with an honorific title does not concord any courtesy title in correct of their spouse. Neither does the husband of a person with any title (including the husband of a peer).

Courtesy prefix of "The Honourable" [edit]

The younger sons of earls, along with all sons and daughters of viscounts, barons and lords of parliament are accorded the courtesy style of "The Honourable" earlier their proper name. This is usually abbreviated to "The Hon." The championship persists later on the expiry of the holder's begetter, but it may not exist inherited past the holder's children. It is used just in tertiary person reference, not in speaking to the person.

Married daughters [edit]

The daughter of a duke, marquess, or earl who marries an untitled homo becomes "Lady [Given name] [Husband's surname]". The daughter of a viscount or baron who marries a commoner is styled "The Honourable [Given name] [Husband's surname]".

Whatsoever woman who marries a peer uses the feminine version of his peerage title, even if her own precedence is higher than his, equally in the example of a duke'due south daughter marrying a baron, because a peerage is a substantive championship, the usage of which is preferred to any courtesy way—unless she marries into the Royal Family. If a woman marries the younger son of a knuckles or marquess, she becomes "Lady [Husband'due south given proper name] [Hubby'southward surname]." If she marries the younger son of an earl, eldest or younger son of viscount or businesswoman, she becomes "The Hon. Mrs [Hubby's given name] [Husband'south surname]."

In case of a divorce, she may keep the same fashion as during matrimony or she may choose to assume the style "Mrs [Given name] [Husband's surname]." Regardless of what she chooses, she loses all precedence caused from wedlock and considering of the former option, there can be multiple Lady John Smiths.

Adoption [edit]

Until 2004, children who had been adopted by peers had no correct to any courtesy title. Pursuant to a Royal Warrant dated 30 April 2004,^[5] these children are now automatically entitled to the same styles and courtesy titles every bit their siblings. However, unlike biological children, they cannot inherit peerages from their parent^{[half dozen]} (and thus, since they cannot be heirs, if a peer adopts a son and he is the oldest son, he would use the styles of younger sons). For instance, actress Nimmy March, the daughter of The Knuckles and Duchess of Richmond, was immediately elevated to Lady Naomi Gordon-Lennox on thirty April 2004.

Annotation that Scottish peerages' rules for courtesy titles and styles differ.

Summary [edit]

Peer	Wife	Eldest son	Younger son	Unmarried daughter
Duke	Duchess	[Father'due south subsidiary title]	Lord [Get-go name] [Last name]	Lady [Kickoff name] [Last proper name]
Marquess	Marchioness	[Father'southward subsidiary title]	Lord [First name] [Last name]	Lady [Offset name] [Terminal name]
Earl	Countess	[Father's subsidiary title]	The Honourable [Beginning name] [Concluding name]	Lady [First proper noun] [Last name]
Viscount	Viscountess	The Honourable [First proper name] [Terminal name]	The Honourable [First proper name] [Last name]	The Honourable [First name] [Last name]
Baron	Baroness	The Honourable [Get-go name] [Last name]	The Honourable [First proper noun] [Concluding name]	The Honourable [Offset proper name] [Last proper name]

Indirect inheritance [edit]

Occasionally, a peer succeeds to a peerage upon the death of a relative who is not i of his or her parents. When this happens, the relatives of the new peer may be allowed to use the courtesy titles or styles which would take been accorded them if the new peer had succeeded a parent or grandparent in the championship.

For instance, Rupert Ponsonby, 7th Baron de Mauley, succeeded his uncle in 2002. His brother George had no title, as their father was only the younger son of a peer and was never actually Businesswoman de Mauley. Nevertheless, in 2003, George was granted, by Warrant of Precedence from Queen Elizabeth Ii, the mode and precedence that would take been his, had his male parent survived to inherit the barony, becoming The Honourable George Ponsonby.^[7] Precedence in such circumstances is usually granted but is not automatic.

Spouses of peers [edit]

The wife of a noun peer is legally entitled to the privileges of peerage: she is said to take a "life estate" in her husband'due south dignity. Thus a knuckles'due south wife is titled a "duchess", a marquess's wife a "marchioness", an earl'southward wife a "countess", a viscount's wife a "viscountess" and a baron'due south married woman a "baroness". Despite being referred to every bit a "peeress", she is not a peer in her own right. Yet, this is considered a legal championship, unlike the social titles of a peer'southward children.

The wives of eldest sons of peers hold their titles on the same footing as their husbands, i.e. past courtesy. Thus the wife of the Marquess of Douro is known as the "Marchioness of Douro".^[eight]

Husbands [edit]

In the case of a woman who is a substantive peer in her own right, by succession or past first creation (i.e. ennoblement, most commonly in recent times under the Life Peerages Act 1958), her hubby acquires no distinction in right of his married woman. Thus, the hubby of The Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone has no courtesy championship; he was simply chosen "Mr Peter Bottomley" until he was knighted and became "Sir Peter Bottomley".

In 2012, Conservative MP Oliver Colvile put forward a Ten Minute Dominion bill to allow the spouse of a woman who holds an honour, if he or she enters civil partnership or matrimony, to assume the championship The Honourable. This bill stalled, and was not passed past the terminate of the Parliament.^[9] In 2013, there was a private member's nib in the House of Lords introduced by Conservative excepted hereditary peer Lord Lucas to the aforementioned affect which was similarly non passed. ^[10]

Widows [edit]

If a prince or peer dies, his wife's way does not modify unless the new peer is a married man (or a woman, if the succession permits); traditionally the widowed peeress puts "Dowager" in her style, i.e. "The Most Hon. The Marchioness of London" becomes "The Nigh Hon. The Dowager Marchioness of London."

If a widowed peeress's son predeceases her, her daughter-in-police force does non use the title of Dowager, but is styled, e.g. "The Nearly Hon. Mary, Marchioness of London", until her mother-in-law dies, at which point she may use the title of "Dowager Marchioness". In more recent times, some widows choose to be styled with their Christian names, instead of as Dowager, eastward.grand. "Olave, Lady Baden-Powell" ("Lady Olave Baden-Powell" would incorrectly imply she was the daughter of a duke, marquess or earl).^[xi]

Divorced wives and widows who remarry [edit]

It used to be customary for women with higher titles from i matrimony to retain them even on subsequent remarriage. Every bit Lord Macnaughten put it in the case of Earl Cowley v Countess Cowley [1901] Air-conditioning 450: "...everybody knows that it is a very mutual practice for peeresses (not being peeresses in their own correct) afterwards marrying commoners to retain the title lost by such wedlock. It is non a matter of right. It is merely a affair of courtesy, and allowed past the usages of society." The divorce court, in the higher up example, granted the earl an injunction preventing his former wife from using his title; however this was overturned by the Court of Appeal, whose decision was confirmed by the House of Lords, on the grounds that ordinary courts of police lacked any jurisdiction in matters of honour.^[12]

The aforementioned exercise was followed past widows who remarried. A prominent example was Catherine Parr, the last wife of Henry Viii, who connected to be known every bit Queen Catherine fifty-fifty after her marriage to The Lord Seymour of Sudeley (and, indeed, she disputed precedence with the wife of her brother-in-law the Duke of Somerset on this footing). This usage died out later in the twentieth century, and women who remarry now commonly take a new married name and do not retain their former title.^[13]

The College of Arms, acting on an stance of the Lord Chancellor, holds that divorced peeresses "cannot claim the privileges or status of Peeresses which they derived from their husbands".^[14] While a divorced onetime wife of a peer is no longer a peeress, she may withal use the title, styled with her forename prefixed to the title (without the definite article, the).^{[xv] [16]} Her forename is used primarily to differentiate her from any new wife of her old husband. All the same, should the former husband remain unmarried, the former wife may continue to use the title without her forename attached.^[17] Should a former wife of a peer remarry, she would lose the style of a divorced peeress and take on a style relating to her new hubby.^[18]

On 21 Baronial 1996 letters patent inverse titles of divorced wives of British princes, depriving their old wives of the style of Royal Highness.^[19] For this reason Her Majestic Highness The Princess of Wales later divorce became Diana, Princess of Wales. The same happened to Her Royal Highness The Duchess of York who became Sarah, Duchess of York.

Civil partners [edit]

Civil partners of someone using a courtesy championship are not entitled to use their partner's title.

Scottish courtesy titles [edit]

Laird is a courtesy title which applies to the owner of certain long-established Scottish estates; the title being attached to the estate. Traditionally, a laird is formally styled in the fashion evident on the 1730 tombstone in a Scottish kirkyard (churchyard). Information technology reads: "The Much Honoured [Forename (John)] [Surname (Grant)] Laird of [Lairdship (Glenmoriston)]". The section titled Scottish Feudal Baronies in Debrett's states that the utilise of the prefix "The Much Hon." is "correct", but that "virtually lairds adopt the unadorned name and territorial designation". The wife of a Laird is traditionally accorded the courtesy title of Lady.^{[twenty] [21] [22] [23]}

Courtesy suffix of "Younger" [edit]

A form of courtesy title granted is the suffix of "The Younger" (also written every bit Yr or yr) at the end of the name. This title is granted to the Heir Apparent of a Feudal Baron and is placed at the end of his or her name (example— John Smith of Edinburgh, Younger, or John Smith, Younger of Edinburgh). The wife of a Younger may herself place the title at the end of her name. The holder is addressed equally the younger (instance—The Younger of Edinburgh).^{[24] [25] [26]}

Courtesy prefix of "Maid" [edit]

The courtesy prefix of "Maid" is granted to the eldest daughter of a Feudal Baron. If the eldest girl is also the heir presumptive she may either hold the championship "Younger" or the title "Maid". The title is customary and not automatically given. The title is placed at the cease of the name (case—Miss Ali Joy, Maid of Newcastle). The holder is addressed every bit "The Maid of Barony".^[27]

Precedence condition of courtesy titles [edit]

The courtesy titles and styles of children of peers are social, non legal. For this reason, in official documents, Lord John Smith is oft referred to as John Smith, Esq., commonly called Lord John Smith; The Hon. Mrs Smith would be called Mary Jane, Mrs Smith, commonly called The Hon. Mary Jane Smith. Simply peers in omnipresence at Parliament savor statutory precedence. There is, however, official precedence accorded at the Court of St James'south that results from beingness the wife or child of a peer, and to which social styles are attached. The wives of peers, however, are peeresses and legally enjoy their titles in exactly the same fashion every bit peeresses in their own right.

Children of peers can outrank certain bodily peers. For case, the daughter of a knuckles outranks a countess. However, if the girl of a duke marries an earl, she drops to the rank of countess, because her courtesy title is subsumed in his substantive title. Simply, if that aforementioned daughter marries a commoner, she retains her rank. If that daughter marries the eldest son of an earl, though he may exist a courtesy peer, she may proceed her rank until the son inherits the earldom, when she must drop to the rank of countess.^[28]

Judicial courtesy titles [edit]

Following the creation of the Supreme Courtroom of the United Kingdom, the first Justices of that Court held life peerages, and continued to concord them. However, the Government has appear that future appointees will not exist created peers, and the first not-peer appointed to the Court was Sir John Dyson. In society to avoid any distinction between the Scottish Justices of the Court (who receive a judicial title), by Imperial Warrant dated 10 December 2010, all Justices of the Supreme Courtroom non holding a peerage are entitled to a judicial championship, and retain the fashion (a courtesy title) for life.^[29] Thus, Sir John Dyson is now styled every bit Lord Dyson (instead of The Lord Dyson).^[30] Wives of male justices non holding a peerage are styled as if they were wives of peers.

In Scotland, Senators of the Higher of Justice (judges who sit in the Court of Session) use the championship Lord or Lady forth with a surname or a territorial name. All Senators of the College accept the honorific The Honourable before their titles, while those who are likewise Privy Counsellors or peers accept the honorific The Correct Honourable. Senators are fabricated Privy Counsellors upon promotion to the Inner House. For case, Alexander Wylie is known as The Honourable Lord Kinclaven, whilst Ronald Mackay is known as The Right Honourable Lord Eassie. Some Senators likewise hold peerage titles, such as The Rt Hon. The Lady Clark of Calton, and these would be used in place of judicial titles.

Professional courtesy titles [edit]

The title of "Doctor" (or the abbreviation "Dr") is used equally a courtesy title in a number of fields by professionals who exercise not agree doctoral degrees. It is commonly used in this mode by qualified medical practitioners (except surgeons) and by qualified dentists.^[31] The Regal College of Veterinary Surgeons also allows the use of "Dr." as a courtesy title by its members though they must make clear in writing that they are vets and not medical doctors or holders of inquiry degrees to ensure the public are not misled.^{[32] [33]}

The title of Helm is used every bit a courtesy title past shipmasters in the merchant navy who do not hold the armed forces rank of helm.^[34] It is also used in oral address for naval officers beneath the rank of captain who are in command of a ship.^[35]

See also [edit]

• Listing of courtesy titles in the peerages of U.k. and Republic of ireland
• Forms of address in the United Kingdom

References and notes [edit]

1. ^ Heywood, Valentine (1951). British Titles - The Utilise and Misuse of the Titles of Peers and Commoners, with Some Historical Notes (1st ed.). A. & C. Black, Ltd.
2. ^ "A Coronation Problem". Cracroft's Peerage . Retrieved 25 September 2021.
3. ^ "No. 16894". The London Gazette. 3 May 1814. p. 936.
4. ^ Elliott, George (1816). The Life of the Most Noble Arthur, Duke of Wellington. London: J. Cundee. p. xiii–xiv.
5. ^ "No. 57306". The London Gazette. 2 June 2004. p. 6821.
6. ^ See: Adoption Act 1976, department 44(1) and Adoption and Children Act 2002, chapter 4, department 71(1). "An adoption does non affect the descent of any peerage or dignity or title of honour."
7. ^ "No. 56937". The London Gazette. 16 May 2003. p. 6081.
8. ^ Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). "Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses". Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Utilise. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. ISBN9781472924346 . Retrieved ane August 2016.
9. ^ Honours (Equality of Titles for Partners) Bill 2012-13
10. ^ Equality (Titles) Bill [HL] 2013-14
11. ^ Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). "Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses". Titles and Forms of Accost: A Guide to Right Use. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. ISBN9781472924346 . Retrieved 1 Baronial 2016.
12. ^ "Divorced Peeresses Titles" (PDF). The New York Times. New York. 31 July 1901. Retrieved vi July 2013.
13. ^ Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). "Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses". Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Right Use. Bloomsbury Publishing – Apr 2016. ISBN9781472924346 . Retrieved 1 August 2016.
14. ^ Morris, Susan (2019). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 2019. Debrett'south. ISBN9781999767006.
15. ^ Wyse, Elizabeth (2016). Debrett's Handbook. Debrett's. ISBN978-0992934866. If a matrimony between a duke and a duchess has been dissolved, the sometime wife (although no longer a peeress) may proceed to use her championship as a duke'due south wife, preceded by her forename (unless she remarries)
16. ^ Morris, Susan (2019). Debrett'south Peerage and Baronetage 2019. Debrett's. ISBN9781999767006. The right style and description of divorced ladies who have non remarried nor have taken steps to resume their maiden proper name with the prefix of Mrs, is every bit follows: The erstwhile wife of a Peer or courtesy Peer,——Mary, Viscountess——
17. ^ "Forms of Address Divorce". Debrett'south. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 17 Dec 2021.
18. ^ Wyse, Elizabeth (2016). Debrett'south Handbook. Debrett's. ISBN978-0992934866. if she remarries, she would take the style of her subsequent married man...if Tessa, Viscountess Tilney, marries Mr George Robinson she becomes Mrs George Robinson
19. ^ "No. 54510". The London Gazette. 30 August 1996. p. 11603.
20. ^ Davis, Graeme (31 July 2009). How to Trace Your Ancestry From Your Own Computer. Hachette UK, 31 Jul. 2009. ISBN9781848033559 . Retrieved 23 May 2014. The Scottish title "Laird" is a courtesy championship with no legal condition...in reality, sure long-established estates take the title attached to them...
21. ^ Titles and Forms of Address. Bloomsbury Publishing. 31 Jan 2007. ISBN9781408148129 . Retrieved 26 January 2016. The widow of a master or laird continues to apply the territorial mode and the prefix Dowager may be used in the same circumstances ... In rural Scotland (laird'southward) wives are ofttimes styled Lady, though not legally except in the case of the wives of chiefs.
22. ^ "Scottish Feudal Baronies". debretts.com . Retrieved xi February 2016. The use of the prefix "The Much Hon." for barons and chiefs is correct, but used only in the nearly formal circumstances. "Esq." is not required, and "Mr." is wrong. Most barons and lairds of erstwhile Scottish families prefer the unadorned proper name and territorial designation – Ian Shand of Pitscot – similar to the "de" or "von" of Continental families...
23. ^ Rogers, Charles (1872). "Monuments and Monumental Inscriptions in Scotland, Volume 2 – Parish of Urquhart and Glenmoriston". Grampian Club. p. 383. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
24. ^ "The Convention of The Baronage of Scotland: Male Heir". scotsbarons.org. Retrieved sixteen September 2018.
25. ^ Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). "Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses". Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Utilize. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. ISBN9781472924346 . Retrieved i August 2016. The heirs of chiefs, chieftains and lairds are addressed in writing with the distinction "the younger" earlier or after the territorial designation...all unmarried daughters use the (territorial) title...It is not the custom for younger sons of a chief, chieftain or laird to employ either the "Younger" or the territorial titles
26. ^ "Scottish Feudal Baronies". debretts.com . Retrieved eleven Feb 2016.
27. ^ "Scottish Feudal Baronies". debretts.com . Retrieved eleven February 2016.
28. ^ Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). "Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses". Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Right Use. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. ISBN9781472924346 . Retrieved 1 August 2016.
29. ^ "No. 59746". The London Gazette. 1 Apr 2011. pp. 6177–6178.
30. ^ "Courtesy titles for Justices of the Supreme Court" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. xiii December 2010. Retrieved 26 Dec 2012.
31. ^ "Doctor". Oxford Reference. Oxford University Printing. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
32. ^ "UK veterinary surgeons to use courtesy 'Dr.' championship" (Printing release). Purple College of Veterinary Surgeons. 6 March 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
33. ^ "RCVS Code of Professional Conduct". Archived from the original on thirty September 2020.
34. ^ "The Courtesy Title of "Captain"". International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
35. ^ "Captain". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 27 June 2017.

Bibliography [edit]

• Montague-Smith, P. (editor). (1979). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage

External links [edit]

• "Courtesy Titles," Debrett's
• Glossary of Burke's Peerage and Baronetage - Courtesy title
• Royal Warrants of Precedence
• Employ of courtesy titles by the Associated Press and on webforms
• Courtesy Titles

parkercolowerve94.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom

Share this post